THE MATILDA EFFECT FROM PAST TO PRESENT: THE HISTORICAL JOURNEY OF INVISIBILITY IN SCIENCE

Abstract

This study examines the Matilda Effect, which arises from the frequent overlooking of women scientists’ contributions or attributing them to their male colleagues, in light of its historical roots, reflections in contemporary academic structures, and examples in the history of science. The Matilda Effect not only highlights individual recognition deficiencies but also makes visible the structural gender-based inequalities embedded in the production and dissemination of knowledge. The main findings of the research show that the invisibility of women in science throughout history stems not only from cultural or individual biases but also from the male-dominated nature of scientific institutions and traditions. Systematic barriers, such as the “glass ceiling,” exist in front of women scientists’ advancement in academia; these obstacles limit the quality and diversity of scientific production. Furthermore, women researchers being less visible in publications, receiving fewer citations, facing disadvantages in access to funding, and being underrepresented in reward processes are considered contemporary reflections of this effect. The results of the study reveal that the Matilda Effect continues in various forms today, and therefore, scientific recognition mechanisms need to be made more equitable. The insufficient visibility of women scientists’ achievements harms not only individual careers but also the holistic development of science. In this context, scientific communities need to be restructured in accordance with the principles of diversity, inclusivity, and gender equality.