GİRİŞİMCİLİK KAVRAMININ TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ: 18. YÜZYIL VE SONRASI
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Girişimcilik Tarihi, Girişimcilik Faaliyeti, Richard Cantillon, İnovasyon, Yönetim TarihiÖzet
Bu çalışmada, tarihsel süreçte girişimci ve girişimcilik kavramlarının evrimi ele alınmıştır. Girişimcilik faaliyetleri 18. yüzyıl öncesi ve sonrasına ait iki dönemde incelenmiştir. Richard Cantillon’un 18. yüzyılda yaptığı ilk girişimci tanımına kadar, girişimci faaliyetlerin hedefleri arasında servet edinme, tarımsal yenilikler, askeri başarılar, denizaşırı kaynaklara erişim ve görkemli yapıların inşası yer almaktadır. Sanayi Devrimi ve üretim tekniklerindeki ilerlemelerle birlikte girişimciliğe bakış açısında değişim yaşanmıştır. 20. yüzyılda girişimcilik, yönetim biliminin bir parçası olarak ele alınmış, inovasyon, girişimcinin rolü ve özellikleri ön plana çıkmıştır. 21. yüzyılda ise büyük veri ve yapay zekâ gibi teknolojiler, girişimciliğe yönelik farklı perspektiflerin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Çalışmada önde gelen iktisatçı ve düşünürlerin girişimciler ve girişimcilik üzerine sundukları görüşlere de yer verilmiştir.
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